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Initially emerging in the first half of the 10th century, they had a significant impact on many parts of Europe, from the Norman conquest of England to southernīy the end of the 15th century, great powers emerged in Europe, withĮngland, France, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain playing predominant roles in global affairs from the 15th century onward, especially after the beginning of colonialism. The Normans (a Viking people) gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. The Vikings also reached Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland and Anatolia (Turkey). With little interest in land acquisition, the Scandinavian (Norse) Vikings aggressively explored Europe for trade and riches. Scandinavia spanned the late 8th to mid-13th centuries.

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They would evolve into the Kingdom ofįrance, and parts of it would morph into the Holy Roman Empire, a forerunner to the Germany we know today.Īnglo-Saxons soon crossed (what is now) theĮnglish Channel to southern Britain and established a series of kingdoms in what would eventually develop into the Kingdom of England by AD 927 100 years later the Kingdoms of Poland and Hungary would also take shape. The Kingdom of the Franks was a southeastern European territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks. In Western Europe, a wide series of tribes and tribal alliances moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Roman Empire small kingdoms were established, and the geography of Western Europe was about to change. During its often tumultuous 500-year period of innovation, it changed the continent and had a profound and lasting influence on the development of modern architecture, language, law and religion.Īfter its collapse, the Eastern Roman Empire survived (285-1450) as the Byzantine Empire. Of the great civilizations to develop in Europe, the previously mentioned Roman Empire certainly had the most lasting influence. In short, the Greek culture provided the foundation of modern Western culture. Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Northern Europe.

Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages.

The practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raising livestock began in the Neolithic Age some 9,000 years ago stone tools were used and people began to live in small groups, or villages.Īs man continued to journey east-to-west acrossĮurasia (a combination of Asia and Europe), knowledge of tools and new methods of organization arrived civilizations flourished as metal axes and arrowheads improved survival. As for Europe, a brief chronological account of its significant events begins during prehistoric times with the emergence of Homo sapiens (early man), roughly 40,000 years ago.Įarly inhabitants during the Paleolithic Age, in an effort to survive, grouped together into small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and hunting for wild animals.

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